ASTM E112 serves as a standardized and reliable method for determining the average grain size of metallic materials. Accurate grain size analysis is essential for understanding and predicting the mechanical properties and performance of metals. The ASTM E112 test methods are efficient for various types of metallic materials and non-metallic materials having similar metallic structures, and these methods can also be extended to evaluate a specific grain structure in multiphase specimens.
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Introduction to ASTM E112
ASTM E112 is a widely used standard test method for determining the average grain size of metallic materials. Grain size plays a crucial role in the mechanical properties and performance of metals, making its measurement essential for quality control and material characterization. These test methods are highly efficient for two-dimensional grain sections.
By quantifying the grain size, manufacturers and researchers can assess the quality, homogeneity, and potential mechanical behavior of metallic materials. This information is critical for material selection, process optimization, and ensuring compliance with industry standards and specifications.
ASTM E112 Test Method
There are three different methods followed in ASTM E112 test methodology.
Planimetric approach: the number of grains per cross section is computed in a predefined area NA for quoting the ASTM grain size number G.
Intercept approach: the number of grains being intercepted per unit length of a test line is counted, thus giving the ASTM grain size number G. This approach is recommended for structures departing from the uniform equiaxed form.
Comparison method: any measurements of number of grain size or the intercepts is involved here, however, a predefined set of graded images either in the form of clear plastic overlays, wall chart or an eyepiece reticle is used. Completely recrystallised or cast materials with equiaxed grains are the best suited specimens for this method.
Representative samples of the metal material are carefully prepared, ensuring they are free from any surface defects, contamination, or irregularities. The ASTM E112 test method employs metallographic techniques to measure and analyze the grain size of metallic materials. The test involves the following steps:
Microstructure Examination
The prepared specimen is then subjected to microscopic examination using an optical microscope or scanning electron microscope (SEM) to capture the microstructure of the material.
Grain Size Measurement
Using the captured microstructure images, the grain size is measured using linear intercept, planimetric, and comparison methods, allowing flexibility based on the material and specific requirements. The measured grain sizes are recorded and used to calculate the average grain size by counting a sufficient number of grains across multiple micrographs and applying mathematical formulas
ASTM E112 Specimens
Specimen details
ASTM E112 specimens are metallic materials, including metals and alloys such as sheets, plates, rods, tubes, or castings.
Specimen dimensions
The standard recommends using rectangular or circular film samples with suitable dimensions.
Specimen preparation
The samples are obtained through cutting, grinding, and polishing processes to achieve a flat and smooth surface.
ASTM E112 Results
The test method ASTM E112 provides valuable information about the material’s mechanical properties, such as strength, ductility, and toughness. A finer grain structure is generally associated with improved mechanical properties, including higher strength and better resistance to fatigue and fracture. On the other hand, coarser grain sizes lead to reduced mechanical performance.
Tests Related to ASTM E112
ASTM E1382 test method for determining average grain size using semiautomatic and automatic image analysis techniques is a standard related to ASTM E112.
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Please contact us for a detailed quote for your astm e112 testing needs. Cost incurred to carry out different astm e112 testing methodology depends on the type of raw material; number of samples, coupons, or specimens; test conditions, turn around time etc. Costs of some ASTM testing methods start from $100 and the final value depends upon the factors listed above. Please contact us for the best and latest prices.
How many samples are required for astm e112?
The required number of samples or specimens should comply with the procedure given in the astm e112 standard. However, the MaTestLab operations team can assist you for your special requirements once you share your testing details with us.
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How many days will it take to complete the astm e112 test?
The turnaround time for astm e112 test methodology depends upon the test procedure mentioned in the standard test document. However, we at MaTestLab understand your research requirements and hence try to get your test completed within the least possible time.
Where can I get the astm e112 tested?
You can share your astm e112 testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific astm e112 test to various testing techniques.
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