ASTM D698 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil
ASTM D698 is a standard test method used to determine the laboratory compaction characteristics of soils. It provides guidelines for compacting soil samples using a specified effort and measuring their maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content. Using this method, the relationship between moulding water content and dry unit weight of soils or material, known as compaction curve, is determined. Read more about ASTM D698 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil below.
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Introduction to ASTM D698
ASTM D698 establishes a standardized procedure for compacting soil samples in the laboratory to assess their compaction characteristics. The test method aims to determine the relationship between moisture content, compaction effort, and resulting dry unit weight of the soil. This information helps engineers and geotechnical professionals in evaluating and predicting the behavior and performance of soils under different compaction conditions.
The information obtained through the ASTM D698 test method is essential for designing and constructing foundations, earthworks, and other geotechnical engineering applications.
ASTM D698 Test Method
Representative soil samples are collected from the field and brought to the laboratory for testing. The test is conducted in the following steps:
Compaction
The soil sample is placed in a compaction mold and compacted using a specified compaction effort, which is determined based on the desired compaction energy.The soil sample is placed, at a selected moulding water content, in three layers into a mould of given dimensions. Each layer is compacted by 25 or 56 blows of a 5.50 lbf (24.47-N) rammer dropped from 12.00 inch (304.8 mm), subjecting the soil to a total compactive effort of about 12 400 ft lbf/ ft3 (600 kN-m/m3). The resulting dry unit weight is determined.
Dry Unit Weight and Moisture Content
After compaction, the soil specimen is extracted from the mold. The mass and volume of the compacted soil are determined, allowing for the calculation of the dry unit weight. The moisture content of the specimen is determined by oven-drying a separate sample to constant weight.
ASTM D698 Specimens
Specimen details
ASTM D698 specimen is a representative soil sample collected from the field.
Specimen dimensions
The size and quantity of the soil sample required for testing varies depending on the compaction equipment and mold dimensions used.
Specimen preparation
The specific details of the soil specimen, such as its type, classification, and gradation are considered based on the project requirements and the purpose of the testing.
ASTM D698 Results
The test method ASTM D698 provides information about the maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content of the compacted soil which helps in assessing the compactability and workability of the soil under specific compaction efforts. Engineers and geotechnical professionals use the test results to determine the suitable moisture content and compaction effort required to achieve the desired soil compaction characteristics.
Tests Related to ASTM D698
ASTM D4253, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table is a related standard.
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