ASTM D2196 Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
ASTM D2196 is a standardised method to determine the apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian material like a coating, adhesive, or paste, as well as shear thinning and thixotropy. These are determined by a rotational viscometer at a shear rate of 0.1-50 s-1, usually in a 600 mL glass beaker. The standard has three primary test procedures to define the behavior of the material under different shear conditions.
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Introduction to ASTM D2196
ASTM D2196 is applied in the investigation of the flow characteristics of substances whose viscosity is not constant (non-Newtonian). It is particularly applicable in industries involved in paints, coatings, cosmetics, or food products, where the consistency of a product under movement or stagnation affects its usability. The test helps determine how materials react or respond to shear stresses, ensuring they are well formulated and perform as intended.
ASTM D2196 Test Method
Test Method A
The apparent viscosity is measured at a constant speed using a rotational viscometer to determine the resistance to flow under a particular shear.
Test Methods B and C
These tests determine shear thinning and thixotropy. These tests involve step-wise variation in spindle speed and measure viscosity during ramp-up and ramp-down runs, as well as after high-shear treatment, which mimics real-life applications.
ASTM D2196 Equipment and Sample Preparation
Sample Preparation
A sample is added to a 0.5-1 L flask, vigorously shaken, and allowed to settle for 10 min. Afterward, it is tested at 25 ± 0.5 °C. The transfer between containers is not permitted to maintain sample integrity.
Equipment
A rotational viscometer that allows easy replacement of spindles and accurate control of the speed, as well as standard Griffin beakers, is utilized.
Results and Interpretation of ASTM D2196
The findings comprise the apparent viscosity at specified speeds and the viscosity as it changes with time and with varying shear rates. The decrease in viscosity with a rise in speed implies shear thinning. An increase in the recovery ratio of viscosity indicates high thixotropy. This information assists in forecasting the flow of a material being applied and settling down.
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Tests Related to ASTM D2196
ASTM D2196 is related to tests such as ASTM D6204 for measuring the unvulcanized rheological properties, ASTM D1823 for determining the apparent viscosity of plasticols, and ASTM D3835 for characterizing polymers using a capillary rheometer.
Use of ASTM D2196 Testing in Various Industries
This test is widely employed in paints, coatings, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and construction materials and is used in the control of quality and product development. It is used by manufacturers to adjust formulations, ensuring the product is spread evenly and does not sag, while also restoring its structure after application.
Common Challenges and Troubleshooting in ASTM D2196 Testing
Poor sample conditioning, improper equipment alignment, and irregular agitation are some of the issues that may arise. The presence of air bubbles, a temperature change, or the wrong selection of the spindle may bias results. The most important thing to do to ensure the accuracy of the readings is to ensure proper shaking of the pre-test and maintaining stable ambient conditions.
Importance of ASTM D2196
The ASTM D2196 becomes essential in understanding how non-Newtonian materials respond to shear stress, and this factor has a direct impact on their usage, stability, and performance. This test is applied in the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, cosmetics, and food products to ensure that the products can be used freely, will not drip or sag, and will regain their consistency after application.
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Where can I get the astm d2196 tested?
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