ASTM A923 Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Steels
ASTM A923 is a set of standard test methods used to detect and evaluate the presence of harmful intermetallic phases in duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless steels. These intermetallic phases adversely affect the material's mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and overall performance. ASTM A923 provides guidelines for performing various tests to assess the susceptibility of the steel to intermetallic phase formation.
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Introduction to ASTM A923
ASTM A923 establishes a standardized approach to assess the susceptibility of duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless steels to detrimental intermetallic phase formation. Intermetallic phases, such as sigma (σ), chi (χ), and others, form during the heat treatment or welding of these steels. The test method helps to detect, characterize, and quantify the presence of these phases.
ASTM A923 Test Method
The ASTM A923 test method involves the macroscopic examination of specimens to observe the presence of intermetallic phases. The size, distribution, and morphology of the intermetallic phases are assessed. The test is conducted in the following steps:
Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test (FISCH)
The specimen is immersed in a solution containing ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid to identify the presence of intermetallic phases by observing the formation of colored spots or attack on the surface.
Charpy Impact Test
Charpy impact tests are conducted on specimens taken from the steel to evaluate their impact toughness. The test provides information about the material’s resistance to brittle fracture, which can be influenced by the presence of intermetallic phases.
To classify duplex stainless steel structures, there are three test methods described in ASTM A923. Test Method A—Sodium Hydroxide Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels (Sections 3 – 7). Test Method B—Charpy Impact Test for Classification of Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels (Sections 8 – 13). Test Method C—Ferric Chloride Corrosion Test for Classification of Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels (Sections 14 – 20).
ASTM A923 Specimens
Specimen details
The specimens used in ASTM A923 are duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless steels.
Specimen dimensions
The specimen dimensions, shape, and surface conditions, are considered based on the testing requirements and the type of analysis equipment used.
Specimen preparation
Specimens are injection molded or, cut from molded or extruded sheets or plates, or cut from molded or extruded shapes.
ASTM A923 Results
The test method ASTM A923 provides criteria for evaluating the presence and severity of intermetallic phases in duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless steels. The Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test (FISCH) provides a qualitative assessment of intermetallic phase formation. The Charpy impact test provides quantitative data on the material’s impact toughness, which can be affected by the presence of intermetallic phases.
Tests Related to ASTM A923
ASTM E45: Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel, which offers methods for determining the presence and size of inclusions in steels, is a related standard.
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