ASTM E162 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

ASTM E162 Introduction

ASTM E162 is a standardized procedure for determining the behavior of the spread of flames of flat materials under a controlled radiant heat source. A vital consideration for materials used in tight confinements, such as aircraft, trains, and buildings, is their surface flammability, as it may pose a threat to property and life due to its rapid transmission. The test aids in the fire safety regulation and assists manufacturers in choosing or certifying materials for flame-retardant use.

ASTM E162 Test Method

ASTM E162 Equipment and Sample Preparation

ASTM E162 Results and Interpretation

The result from the test is the Radiant Panel Flame Spread Index (Is), a value obtained by incorporating the distance traveled and the intensity of flames. Regulations are frequently applied to materials in terms of regulatory limits, e.g., those applicable during transportation, such as requirements implemented by the Federal Railroad Administration or the FAA. The findings aid in classifying materials for specific applications where fire resistance is crucial.

ASTM E162 Related Test Methods

Due to the tunnel test employed to determine surface burning characteristics of building materials, ASTM E84 can find a comprehensive assortment of uses in the field of architecture and construction. ASTM E662 focuses on smoke density, which is particularly important in enclosed areas, such as aircraft cabins and trains, where inhalation of smoke poses a significant hazard.

ASTM E162 Applications in Industry 

This test is widely applied in the transportation industries, such as air transportation, railcars, and ships, as well as in the building industries where wall and ceiling materials are involved. It is essential for regulatory acceptance of materials incorporated into passenger cabins, control rooms, and other public buildings.

ASTM E162 Materials Commonly Tested

Products that are generally tested by this method are diverse and encompass a multitude of engineered products intended for use in both structural and interior applications. These are thermoplastics and thermosets, which are used in molded components and panels, which are durable. The use of composites and laminates in the transportation sector and other infrastructure projects is also common, and thus, they are commonly assessed. The test of floor and wall covering also takes place to ensure that it does not significantly contribute to the flame spread within an interior.

ASTM E162 Common Challenges and Troubleshooting

Readings of flame spread can be affected by inconsistencies in sample conditioning, improper mounting, or contaminants. Variability should also be reduced by having uniform surface finishes as well as appropriate edges. Additionally, non-uniform flames can occur due to insufficient gas supply or improper adjustment of radiant panels.

ASTM E162 Safety and Best Practices

The test involves open flame and radiant heat, and requires fire-resistant gloves, face shields, and fume extraction. There is a need for flame-retardant lab coats and proper control of ventilation. To ensure the safety of the device, it is necessary to check it regularly for leaks and soot accumulation in the radiant panel.

Importance of ASTM E162 Test Method

This method plays a crucial role in a fire safety assessment of material surfaces. Its findings are critical towards adherence with strict fire standards, especially pronounced in enclosed settings and transport-related settings. The test will aid in regulating the use of fire-safety-prone materials in the office, which will be of assistance to the occupants.