MaTestLab > Test Standards > ASTM D5988 Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil of Plastic Materials or Residual Plastic Materials After Composting
Last updated 25th February 2025
ASTM D5988 Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil of Plastic Materials or Residual Plastic Materials After Composting
The ASTM D5988 test method assesses the aerobic biodegradability of synthetic plastic materials in a laboratory setting when they encounter soil or a mixture of soil and compost, including formulation additives. It rates the biodegradability of plastic materials compared to a standard, and all plastic materials that don't hinder bacteria and fungi found in soil and compost can be used.
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D5988 Introduction
ASTM D5988 is a standard test method used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials or residual plastics in soil post-composting. With the growing usage of plastics, disposal is becoming a significant problem. 5988 test method allows an estimation of the degree of biodegradability and the amount of time that plastics will last in an aerobic soil environment. ASTM D5988 measures evolved carbon dioxide as a function of the time the plastic is exposed to soil; the degree of aerobic biodegradation is determined.
ASTM D5988 Test Procedure
Specimen Selection
The D5988 test method accurately represents real-world scenarios and evaluates the environmental impact of the selected materials or compost, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of their post-composting environmental impact.
Test Setup and Execution
The ASTM D5988 test method measures the biodegradability of plastic materials or compost by exposing them to soil, measuring carbon dioxide emissions, and determining biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). It correlates CO2 production with carbon content over a specified period and considers nitrification processes’ effects on BOD measurements, providing a comprehensive evaluation of post-composting environmental impact.
D5988 Equipment and Sample Preparation
Specimen Details
ASTM D5988 requires test specimens to have a known weight and sufficient carbon content to produce measurable carbon dioxide for accurate assessment. Carbon content can be determined through calculation or elemental analysis. Test specimens can be films, pieces, fragments, powders, formed articles, or aqueous solutions. For powders, sieve analysis is essential for consistency and accuracy in testing.
Specimen Dimensions
ASTM D5988 test specimens can be introduced into the soil matrix directly or after composting. In composting cases, a homogeneous, representative sample of residual plastics is used to accurately reflect real-world conditions, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of aerobic biodegradation post-composting.
D5988 Test Results and Interpretation
To ensure accuracy, a biodegradable reference or control substance like starch or cellulose is used to assess soil activity. If the reference material shows limited biodegradation after six months, the test is invalid and should be repeated with fresh soil. The level of carbon dioxide evolution and residual test material quantification indicates the plastic material’s biodegradability.
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Tests Related to D5988
Important tests relevant to ASTM D5988 include the ASTM D4972 Test Method for the pH of Soils, the ASTM D2989 Test Method for Acidity-Alkalinity of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures, and ISO 17556:2003 (Determination of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Plastic Materials in Soil by Measuring the Oxygen Demand in a Respirometer).
Use of D5988 in Various Industries
The standard is considered one of the most crucial tests, specifically significant in the packaging, agriculture, and bioplastics industries. It tests mulch films and biodegradable containers and validates product claims for compostable bags with proper environmental compliance and sustainable product standards.
Materials Commonly Tested with D5988
It is used for testing materials like bioplastics, biodegradable polyesters, and compostable polymers for agricultural, packaging, and single-use products. This method helps researchers understand how material is subjected to aerobic soil conditions and assesses degradation performance in the natural environment.
Common Challenges and Troubleshooting in D5988
Variability in soil condition, temperature, and moisture content naturally poses limitations in testing since the activities associated with microbial action are subject to variability. Troubleshooting includes standardizing preparation, monitoring of environmental factors, and equipment calibration.
Safety and Best Practices in D5988 Testing
According to test safety guidelines, it states that appropriate PPE, ventilation, sterilization of testing equipment, meticulous record-keeping, and routine calibration of CO₂ measurement devices must be performed by ensuring accuracy in results obtained from soil and biodegrading materials.
Importance of D5988
It is a standard test method for determining the biodegradation of plastics and other products under controlled conditions in soils. It further supports environmental sustainability since producers can establish the validity of claims about their products’ eco-friendliness, which in turn fosters circular economy practice.
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FAQ's
Where can I get the astm d5988 tested?
You can share your astm d5988 testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific astm d5988 test to various testing techniques.
How much do I need to pay for the astm d5988 test?
Please contact us for a detailed quote for your astm d5988 testing needs. Cost incurred to carry out different astm d5988 testing methodology depends on the type of raw material; number of samples, coupons, or specimens; test conditions, turn around time etc. Costs of some ASTM testing methods start from $100 and the final value depends upon the factors listed above. Please contact us for the best and latest prices.
How many samples are required for astm d5988?
The required number of samples or specimens should comply with the procedure given in the astm d5988 standard. However, the MaTestLab operations team can assist you for your special requirements once you share your testing details with us.
How much discount can I get on the astm d5988 test?
MaTestLab has a vast testing laboratory network, hence we bring you the best testing facilities in a cost-effective way. We offer considerable discounts (15-20%) to our returning customers based on test volume and frequency.
How many days will it take to complete the astm d5988 test?
The turnaround time for astm d5988 test methodology depends upon the test procedure mentioned in the standard test document. However, we at MaTestLab understand your research requirements and hence try to get your test completed within the least possible time.
Where can I get the astm d5988 tested?
You can share your astm d5988 testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific astm d5988 test to various testing techniques.
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