MaTestLab > ASTM Methods > Metals and Alloys Testing
Last updated 13th November 2025

Metals and Alloys Testing

Metals and alloys like cast iron, aluminium, steel, stainless steel and other alloys are mainstay of industrial manufacturing. Metals and alloys testing are of main three types i.e., chemical testing, mechanical testing and surface defect testing. However, other tests are also done per requirement and suitability.

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    Introduction to Metals and Alloys Testing

    The malleability, ductility, strength, and temperature performance of metals and alloys make them especially suitable for structural and load-bearing applications. Engineers and scientists are working to create metals, alloys, and composites that are strong, light, long-lasting, and corrosion-resistant. These ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys are tested for their mechanical properties, chemical composition and  metallographic properties. Other tests such as precision dimensional monitoring, nondestructive testing, fatigue testing, S-N curve, corrosion resistance testing, and environmental simulation tests are also done to ensure their quality and usability.

    Types of Metals and Alloys Testing

    Analysis of Chemical Composition-

    • Elemental analysis
    • Wet chemistry
    • Identification of alloys and materials

    Mechanical Testing and Evaluation-

    • Elevated temperature testing
    • Hardness testing
    • Impact testing (Charpy impact testing)
    • Tensile testing
    • Bend testing
    • Fracture toughness
    • Stress rupture testing
    • Fastener testing
    • Fatigue Crack Growth
    • High-Cycle Fatigue
    • Hydrogen Embrittlement
    • Weld testing

    Nondestructive Testing-

    • Eddy Current Testing
    • Radiographic Testing (X-ray inspection)
    • Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)
    • Ultrasonic Testing
    • Liquid Penetrant Testing (ECT)
    • Visual inspection

    Corrosion Resistance Analysis-

    • Intergranular Corrosion Testing (ASTM A262)
    • Corrosion Resistance Testing (ASTM G48)
    • Corrosion Testing (ASTM A923)
    • Salt Spray/Salt Fog testing (ASTM B117)
    • Humidity Testing
    • Passivation Testing
    • Testing for corrosion in crevices
    • Electrochemical and galvanic corrosion
    • Intergranular corrosion (IGC)
    • Pitting corrosion

    Metallurgical Testing-

    • Microscopic, macroscopic, and microhardness examination
    • Grain Size (ASTM E112)
    • Macro-etch (ASTM E340)
    • Grain Flow
    • Surface Condition
    • Microhardness (Knoop & Vickers)
    • Intergranular Attack & Oxidation
    • Alpha Case
    • Intergranular Corrosion (ASTM A262)
    • Sensitization
    • Nodularity/Nodule Count
    • Eutectic Melting
    • Surface Contamination
    • Case Depth
    • Profiles
    • Weld Qualification
    • Inclusion Rating (ASTM E45)
    • Plating Thickness
    • Carbide Precipitation
    • Ferrite by Point Count (ASTM E562)

    Spectroscopic Analysis-

    • Spectroscopy (ICP-AES, ICP-MS, AES)
    • Scanning Energy Dispersive Scanning/Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS)
    • X-ray spectrometry
    • Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR)

    Failure Analysis-

    • SEM/EDS
    Metals and alloys testing evaluates the quality and performance levels of raw materials and product samples according to industry standards, specifications and customer requirements. All types of ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, including precious metals and powdered metals and products made with them need to be tested before they are declared suitable for industrial household usage.
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