X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a quantitative surface-sensitive spectroscopic technique that measures the chemical state, elemental composition, and electronic state of the elements within a material. XPS is also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). It was developed in the mid-1960s. XPS is a critical tool in fields including material science, surface engineering, and chemistry.
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Introduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is an analytical technique used widely to examine the surface chemistry of materials. By irradiating a material with X-rays and measuring the kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons, XPS provides detailed information about the elemental composition and chemical state of the surface atoms. XPS is very important for understanding contamination, surface modifications, and reactions. It is essential in research and development across different fields like electronics, nanotechnology, and catalysis.
Principle and Methodology
Albert Einstein in 1905 first explained the principle of XPS according to which material is irradiated with X-rays that cause photons to eject electrons from its atoms. binding energy of the electrons within the material can be determined which is characteristic of the specific element and its chemical state. The flat and conductive sample surface is cleaned and followed by X-rays usually from Al Kα or Mg Kα sources, to emit electrons from the sample surface. Using an electron energy analyzer, the kinetic energies of emitted electrons are measured. The binding energy of emitted electrons is calculated which allows the elements identification and their chemical states on the sample surface.
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XPS instrumentation
An X-ray source, ultra-high vacuum chamber, electron energy analyzer, detector, sample stage, and data acquisition and analysis system are major components of XPS instrumentation. X-ray source irradiates the sample and contamination is prevented through an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The kinetic energy of emitted electrons is measured through an electron energy analyzer having modern detectors with multichannel plates for enhanced sensitivity and resolution. The sample is precisely held and positioned within the UHV chamber for analysis through the sample stage.
XPS Applications
XPS is widely used in industrial and scientific fields like chemistry, environmental science, electronics, material science, biomaterials, and forensic science. It is also used to characterize the surfaces of semiconductors, metals, nanomaterials, and polymers. XPS is important for surface reactions, corrosion processes, catalysis, coatings, thin films, and interfaces in electronic device analysis. XPS advances our understanding of surface phenomena and helps us develop new materials and technologies.
You can share your xps testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific xps test to various testing techniques.
How much do I need to pay for the xps test?
Please contact us for a detailed quote for your xps testing needs. Cost incurred to carry out different xps testing methodology depends on the type of raw material; number of samples, coupons, or specimens; test conditions, turn around time etc. Costs of some ASTM testing methods start from $100 and the final value depends upon the factors listed above. Please contact us for the best and latest prices.
How many samples are required for xps?
The required number of samples or specimens should comply with the procedure given in the xps standard. However, the MaTestLab operations team can assist you for your special requirements once you share your testing details with us.
How much discount can I get on the xps test?
MaTestLab has a vast testing laboratory network, hence we bring you the best testing facilities in a cost-effective way. We offer considerable discounts (15-20%) to our returning customers based on test volume and frequency.
How many days will it take to complete the xps test?
The turnaround time for xps test methodology depends upon the test procedure mentioned in the standard test document. However, we at MaTestLab understand your research requirements and hence try to get your test completed within the least possible time.
Where can I get the xps tested?
You can share your xps testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific xps test to various testing techniques.
MaTestLab Inc. offers accessible, quick, and affordable material testing, product testing, and failure analysis services. We support your on-demand testing and expert consultation needs with the help of our extensive network of material testing laboratories situated in the US and other parts of the world.
MATERIAL TESTING
We offer destructive and non-destructive tests over a range of mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, optical, corrosion, radiation, and biological testing methodologies defined by ASTM, ISO and other organizations.
PRODUCT TESTING
We help you evaluate and ensure your product quality and performance with standard and custom-made testing solutions. All the tests are done at well-equipped testing laboratories using standard testing methods for best output and satisfaction.
FAILURE ANALYSIS
Failure analysis ensures high levels of quality in every manufacturing process. We help you with getting the best failure or root cause analysis to determine the cause of the failure. The results help you identify means to prevent failure recurrences.
