ASTM D2293 Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal) 

    What is ASTM D2293? 

    ASTM D2293 is a standard test method for determining the creep (time-dependent deformation) properties of metal-metal adhesives in shear by compression loading. The test method determines the creep properties of metal-bonding adhesives by testing a standard specimen under specified temperature and compressive-stress conditions in a spring-loaded testing apparatus. ASTM D2293 (Standard Test  Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal) test method measures how a material reacts under compressive load. It determines the strength and resistance to pressure and deformation over time of the material. Creep properties are influenced by the adhesive composition and extrinsic factors like load time, humidity, temperature, and so on. Industries use it to monitor quality, select materials, and develop products.

    Get Certified ASTM D2293 Testing for Reliable Material Performance 

    The end product’s service life plays an important role in customer satisfaction. To evaluate durability, we test the compressive properties of materials in accordance with ASTM D2293. Quality testing provides accurate results that help manufacturers maintain product quality and meet required standards. It also supports material selection, product development, and quality control while building customer confidence. For more information about ASTM D2293 testing, consult  MaTestLab.

    What is the Scope of the ASTM D2293 Test Standard?

    This standard evaluates the creep characteristics of adhesive joints between metal surfaces subjected to shear stress under compressive loading. The approach assesses the changes in an adhesive bond over time under defined temperature, stress, and environmental conditions. The ASTM D2293 standard-

    • Helps manufacturers understand how adhesive joints deform over time.
    • Determines the compressive creep properties of adhesive materials.
    • Measures how an adhesive deforms under constant compressive load over time.
    • Helps evaluate the adhesive’s resistance to long-term deformation.
    • Compares the creep behavior of different adhesive materials.
    • Supports material selection, quality control, and product development.

    What are the Uses of ASTM D2293? 

    ASTM D2293 measures the creep properties and durability of metal-to-metal bonded joints. It helps assess adhesive durability under long-term loading and specified environmental conditions to support material selection, product development, and quality assurance. This test standard-

    • Evaluates adhesive joints under sustained loads.
    • Helps select adhesives for metal-to-metal bonding.
    • Compares creep resistance of adhesive formulations.
    • Assesses the long-term performance of bonded assemblies.
    • Supports quality control and performance evaluation.
    • Evaluates adhesive stability over time.

    What are the materials tested under ASTM D2293?

    ASTM D2293 tests structural adhesives used for bonding metals in metal-to-metal configurations. The standard tests materials used in adhesive formulations and bonded assemblies, where long-term deformation under compressive stress must be evaluated. The tested components are the adhesives and metal adherends. Structural formulations are evaluated for long-term durability and deformation behavior. Standard metal-to-metal lap shear test specimens are used to test adhesive bonds between metal adherends. Metal-bonding adhesives join aluminum, steel, and other metals. Plastic and composite bonding adhesives bond polymeric and composite materials, and structural adhesives use epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic, and other high-strength materials. 

    ASTM D2293 Equipment and Sample Preparation Guide

    The sample preparation and equipment handling play a major role in obtaining accurate results. Proper sample preparation requires careful pretreatment of the metal surface, accurate alignment of the overlapping joints, and precise control of bondline thickness. The ASTM D2293 test methods comprise the following sample preparation procedure-

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    Specimen detailsTechnicians select structural metal alloy panels (typically aluminum or steel) intended for adhesive bonding evaluation.
    Specimen preparationTechnicians clean the metal substrate to remove contaminants and apply the target adhesive uniformly over the overlap joint.
    Specimen dimensionsTechnicians prepare standard 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) overlap-length single-lap shear joints according to the specified test geometry.
    Constant-load compression creep frameThe spring-load apparatus applies a controlled compressive shear load to the bonded metal specimen throughout the creep test.
    Testing Apparatus/ Load cell InstrumentationTechnicians mount the bonded specimen into the alignment fixture within the loading frame and attach displacement-measuring devices (such as LVDTs or dial indicators) to monitor deformation over time. 

    Testing Procedure and Requirements for ASTM D2293

    ASTM D2293 testing involves preparing metal-to-metal adhesive joints and subjecting them to specified compression loading conditions. The specimens are conditioned and tested under controlled temperature and load to evaluate the adhesive’s creep behavior over time. Other ASTM standards that support similar specimen preparation/testing are ASTM D907 and ASTM D1002. The ASTM D2293 test methods comprise the following test procedure-

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    Specimen preparationTechnicians treat the metal substrates, apply the adhesive, cure the bonded specimens, and precondition them before testing. 
    Alignment Technicians mount the specimens in the compression-shear fixture along the main axis.
    Specimen loadingTechnicians apply a predetermined static load using a calibrated compression testing machine or spring-tightening assembly. 
    Creep MonitoringThe device monitors and records creep displacement at logarithmic time intervals (1 min, 1 hr, 24 hr, etc.) upon loading.
    Result AnalysisTechnicians plot shear displacement vs. log time and categorize the failure mode to calculate creep rate, compliance, and total creep deformation. 

    ASTM D2293 Testing process and Data Collection

    The analyst selects the representative specimens required for evaluation. Then, technicians place the samples along the main axis and apply a predetermined static load using a compression testing machine. Technicians monitor and record creep displacement at logarithmic time intervals of (1 min, 1hr, 24 hr, etc.) upon loading. Analysts interpret the graph and calculate creep rate.

    The image shows the testing procedure of adhesive-bonded metal substrates.
    ASTM D2293 Creep Testing of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading

    used in the ASTM D2293 test method.

    Common Challenges and Troubleshooting  

    ASTM D2293 test results require even adhesive thickness, proper surface cleaning, and aligned test specimens. The correct test temperature, load application, and curing of the test adhesive guarantee accurate creep characteristics. Proper specimen preparation, prescribed testing procedures, and regular equipment checks minimize errors and improve result reliability.

    ASTM D2293 Analysis Results and Interpretation  

    The report summarizes the results of shear deformation (creep) behavior of adhesively bonded metal-to-metal lap joints under sustained compressive loads over prolonged time. The measured specimens were compared to baseline dimensions for joint displacement, time to failure, failure type, and environmental exposure level.

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    • The laboratory records the compressive load, specimen dimensions, thermal exposure duration, temperature, and relative humidity during testing.
    • The analyst measures total shear displacement with a spring-loaded device and monitors strain over time. Visual inspection checks for slippage, micro-yielding, and failure type, including adhesive, cohesive, substrate, or adherend failure.
    • The laboratory reports creep rate, deformation, or stress relaxation in standard units, such as millimeters, MPa, or psi.
    • A decrease in creep value and deformation rate generally indicates enhanced durability under prolonged loading.

    Link to ASTM D2293

    FAQ

    Where can I get the astm d2293 tested?
    You can share your astm d2293 testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific astm d2293 test to various testing techniques.
    Please contact us for a detailed quote for your astm d2293 testing needs. Cost incurred to carry out different astm d2293 testing methodology depends on the type of raw material; number of samples, coupons, or specimens; test conditions, turn around time etc. Costs of some ASTM testing methods start from $100 and the final value depends upon the factors listed above. Please contact us for the best and latest prices.
    The required number of samples or specimens should comply with the procedure given in the astm d2293 standard. However, the MaTestLab operations team can assist you for your special requirements once you share your testing details with us.
    MaTestLab has a vast testing laboratory network, hence we bring you the best testing facilities in a cost-effective way. We offer considerable discounts (15-20%) to our returning customers based on test volume and frequency.
    The turnaround time for astm d2293 test methodology depends upon the test procedure mentioned in the standard test document. However, we at MaTestLab understand your research requirements and hence try to get your test completed within the least possible time.
    Rohit Dhembare
    About Author
    Rohit Dhembare
    Rohit Dhembare is an Operations Associate at MaTestLab Inc. and holds a postgraduate degree in Organic Chemistry.
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