MaTestLab > Test Standards > ASTM E562 Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
ASTM E562 Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
ASTM E562 is a standardized test method used to determine the volume fraction of various phases within a material's microstructure using systematic manual point counting. This quantitative analysis provides valuable information for material characterization, quality control, and research purposes in a wide range of industries, including metallurgy, ceramics, and composites. ASTM E562 is based upon the stereological principle that a grid with a number of regularly arrayed points, when systematically placed over an image of a two-dimensional section through the microstructure, can provide, an unbiased statistical estimation of the volume fraction of an identifiable constituent or phase. This estimation is achieved after a representative number of placements on different fields.
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Introduction to ASTM E562
ASTM E562 outlines a systematic and unbiased approach for estimating the volume fraction of different phases present in a material’s microstructure. This method is widely used in the field of materials science and engineering to understand the distribution and composition of phases within a material, aiding in the assessment of its mechanical properties, performance, and suitability for specific applications.
The ASTM E562 test method is based upon the stereological principle that a grid with a number of regularly arrayed points, when systematically placed over an image of a two-dimensional section through the microstructure, can provide, an unbiased statistical estimation of the volume fraction of an identifiable constituent or phase. This estimation is achieved after a representative number of placements on different fields. With regard to effort, bias, and simplicity, this test method turns out to be superior to the manual methods.
Volume fraction analysis is essential for understanding the microstructural characteristics of materials revealing the distribution and proportion of phases, such as grains, phases, inclusions, and voids, which significantly influence a material’s properties and behavior.
ASTM E562Test Method
The ASTM E562 test method involves the systematic manual point counting of a representative microstructural specimen using a grid overlay. The test is conducted in the following steps:
Grid Overlay
A grid overlay with a defined number of points is placed over the specimen’s view field. The grid can have a specific pattern and the number of points is adjusted based on the material’s microstructural complexity.
Systematic Point Counting
The analyst follows a systematic procedure to count the number of points falling on each phase of interest. Each time a point falls on a particular phase, it is recorded and tallied.
ASTM E562Specimens
Specimen details
ASTM E562 specimens are rectangular bars or plaques made from the plastic material of interest.
Specimen dimensions
The ASTM E562 standard does not specify a standard specimen size, as it depends on the material type, microstructural complexity, and the microscope’s capabilities.
Specimen preparation
To perform the analysis, a representative microstructural specimen is carefully prepared and polished to reveal the phases of interest.
ASTM E562 Results
In ASTM E562, the volume fraction of each phase is calculated by dividing the total number of points counted for that phase by the total number of points in the grid overlay. The volume fraction is typically expressed as a percentage or fraction.
Tests Related to ASTM E562
ASTM E3 – Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens is a related standard.
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