MaTestLab > Test Standards > ASTM D2734 Standard Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
ASTM D2734 Standard Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
The testing procedures listed in ASTM D2734 Standard examine the void content of reinforced polymers, or "composites". This category includes most plastics, glass, and asbestos reinforcements. ASTM D2734 test procedures can be used with composites whose materials' reactions to ignition are known. For estimating the quality of composites, knowledge of void content is desirable. ASTM D2734 test methods are not applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the plastics, the reinforcement, and any fillers are unknown.
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Introduction to ASTM D2734
ASTM D2734 consists of test procedures for determination of void content of reinforced plastics. The void content of a composite may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Knowing about void content is desirable for estimation of quality of composites. Higher void contents usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to water penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. ASTM D2734 test methods are applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the materials are known. Most plastics, glass, and reinforcements fall into this class. ASTM D2734 test methods are not applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the plastics, the reinforcement, and any fillers are unknown.
Some of the composite’s mechanical qualities may be considerably impacted by the number of voids in the material. Higher void contents lead to lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to water infiltration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength qualities. ASTM D2734 test methods specify procedures for determining the void content of reinforced plastic composite materials in testing labs.
ASTM D2734 Test Procedure
Specimen Selection
Sample preparation involves cutting composite material specimens using consistent forms and ensuring statistical validity and accurate material void content representation.
Test Setup and Execution
Densities of resin, reinforcement, and composites are measured separately, and a theoretical composite density is calculated. The difference in densities indicates void content. A good composite may have 1% voids or less, while a poorly made composite may have a higher void content. Finite values under 1% represent laminate density quality, but true void content must be established through complementary tests or background experience.
ASTM D2734 Test Specimens
Specimen Details
ASTM D2734 is commonly used for engineering applications like fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP).
Specimen Dimensions
The ASTM D2734 standard does not specify specific specimen dimensions, but rather depends on the composite material and available equipment. General guidelines include rectangular specimens with length and width between 25mm and 50mm, and circular specimens with diameter between 25mm and 50mm, with similar thicknesses.
ASTM D2734 Test Results
The ASTM D2734 test measures void content in reinforced plastics, revealing its quality and performance. It calculates the void content percentage and density, which are crucial for volume calculations. Lower void content percentages are preferred for better mechanical properties and quality control, ensuring the composite material meets industry standards and project requirements.
Tests Related to ASTM D2734Important tests relevant to ASTM D2734 include ASTM D618 (Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing), ASTM D792 (Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement), and ASTM D1505 (Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density Gradient Technique).
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