ISO 14855 Composting of Plastics

    Introduction to ISO 14855

    Due to their increased production and waste, the permanence of plastic materials has surfaced widely faced environmental problem. And because of this, we now have effective biodegradable plastics to replace them. ISO 14855 provides a systematic scientific methodology to evaluate these materials’ biodegradability on the basis of composting conditions. These tests establish whether a specific plastic can actually be processed well in industrial composting facilities, for the activators to support end-of-waste, environmental organizations, and producers work towards waste reduction goals as well as sustainable development objectives.

    Read more

    ISO 14855 Test Method

    This test is divided into two sections: the first uses respirometry to measure the amount of CO2 formed during the biodegradation process in order to determine the biodegradability; the second part, which is also known as ISO 14855-2, measures the amount of CO2 evolved in a laboratory-scale test.

    Test procedure for the general carbon dioxide emission method In this test, the biodegradability is assessed by respirometry to quantify CO2 formed throughout the process of biodegradation. CO2 and H2O are the primary end-products of breakdown in plastic material, and coupling the CO2 production to measure how good the test material biodegrades. Regardless of what duration, you can very easily measure percentage degradation in a given time frame by determining the theoretical amount of CO2 produced.
    Test procedure for the Gravimetric method The ISO 14855-2 testing method regulates the temperature, aeration ratio, and humidity in the composting vessel to produce the best rate of biodegradation of plastic materials in mature compost. Using an absorption column loaded with soda talc and lime and an electronic balance, the mass of evolved CO2 is measured regularly to determine the degradation rate.

    ISO 14855 Equipment and Sample Preparation

    Specimen DetailsGenerally, ISO 14855-1 requires 50g of sample per measurement, with three test samples, totaling at least 150g, while ISO 14855-2 uses 10g of sample. 

    ISO 14855 Results and Interpretation

    The percentage of biodegradation, which is the primary metric measured in ISO 14855, is determined by dividing the amount of CO₂ that has evolved from the test material by the theoretical maximum CO₂ that could be produced if the sample fully biodegrades. According to ISO 14855, a material is deemed biodegradable if, under test conditions, it converts at least 90% to CO₂ in 180 days.

    Read more

     This test is similar to ASTM D5338 in evaluating plastic biodegradation. But the difference in focus as ASTM D5338 determines aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting conditions. 

    Use of ISO 14855 in Various Industries

    Common industries used in the Packaging industry, the pharmaceutical sector, and the textiles industry 

    Materials Commonly Tested with ISO 14855

    This test can be used with water-soluble polymers, copolymers, natural and/or synthetic polymers, or a combination of these. Additionally, it works well with plastic materials that have colorants or plasticizers added to them.

    Updated on September 17, 2026

    Divakar Shukla
    About Author
    Divakar Shukla is an Electrical and Electronics Engineer specializing in the convergence of embedded systems architecture, industrial automation, and applied artificial intelligence.
    Know More
    Testimonials
    Real results
    Engineers trust us with what matters most
    Why Choose Matestlab?
    Matestlab is a unified testing services partner based in the USA. Matestlab offers raw material and product testing services through accredited, expert laboratories primarily based in the USA. Matestlab supports physical, thermal, chemical, electrical, mechanical, environmental, and characterization testing needs through its global network of 2200+ accredited testing laboratories. Matestlab's in-house materials science experts curate and design comprehensive testing programs matched to the sample material and specific testing need, with regulatory requirements and confidentiality in mind.

    If you are looking for a managed and trusted testing partner to achieve your research goals, feel free to schedule a meeting with us or send us a request at connect@matestlabs.com to learn more about our services. For a quick quote, call us at (302)244-7710. We are happy to serve you.
    Start Your Testing
    Project Today
    Define your requirements and get access to
    specialized laboratories ready to deliver results
    Partners with us
    Clients
    Vendors
    Process for testing
    • STEP 01

      You share your testing requirements

    • STEP 02

      You share your sample(s)

    • STEP 03

      We deliver your test reports

    Get your testing done

    Let us know your testing requirements and we will be right back with a solution.

      Let us root for each other. Collaborate to grow, expand, and accelerate our businesses.

      Partner with us