ASTM D2887 Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

    ASTM D2887 Introduction

    The ASTM D2887 employs a flame ionization detector (FID) on a gas chromatograph as well as a non-polar capillary column as it traces a distillation curve. A primary property of a petroleum fraction is the boiling range distribution, which influences fuel performance, exacerbates fuel instability, and impacts environmental compliance. Through the process of injecting the sample and measuring retention time, the test creates a false distillation curve, the temperature at which a given amount of the sample evaporates. This information is significant for testing kerosene, diesel, jet fuel, and other hydrocarbon mixes.

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    ASTM D2887 Test Method

    ScopeDetermines the boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions with initial boiling points above 55°C and final boiling points below 538°C.
    InstrumentGas chromatograph with FID, using a packed or capillary column and appropriate data acquisition software.
    Sample InjectionTypically, 1 µL of the petroleum sample is injected under programmed temperature conditions.
    CalibrationThe chromatograph is calibrated using a mixture of known hydrocarbon standards covering the full boiling range.
    ResultsReported as a cumulative distillation curve showing temperatures corresponding to volume percent evaporated (e.g., T10, T50, T90).

    ASTM D2887 Equipment and Sample Preparation

    Specimen DetailsPetroleum fractions such as naphtha, jet fuel, diesel, heating oil, and similar samples.
    Specimen PreparationSamples need to be homogeneous and free from particles or water, and as IS-IS or Filt should be injected after filtration.
    Specimen Dimensions0.5–1.0 µl injection volume is specifically adjusted based on concentration and detector response.

    ASTM D2887 Results and Interpretation

    The output is a simulated distillation curve, with a boiling temperature to suit the percentage of the sample. Central values ​​such as T10, T50, and T90 represent light, middle, and heavy fractions, respectively. The sharp distillation indicates the decreasing narrow boiling range materials, while broad curves suggest complex or mixed products. This information helps to define the product grade, control refinery processes, and compare batch-to-batch stability. 

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    ASTM D86 is used in the distillation of light hydrocarbons,  and ASTM D1160 is used in vacuum distillation testing.

    ASTM D2887 Applications and Industry Use

    This test is widely used in refineries, fuel certification laboratories, pipeline companies, and combination facilities. It supports fuel quality control, product certification, mixture adaptation, and emission compliance. This method is particularly valuable when speed and a minimal sample size are essential.

    ASTM D2887 Materials Commonly Tested

    These materials include diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, naphtha, heating oil, and other petroleum products that fall within the boiling range of middle-distillates, typically more than 55°C and higher than 538°C.

    ASTM D2887 Common Challenges and Troubleshooting

    General issues include poor baseline separation, column fall, detector drift, or sample contamination. Certified reference materials may reduce errors by utilizing regular calibration, proper column maintenance, and high-quality solvents. Problems with the GC system, leaks, or injectors can also affect the ability to reproduce. 

    ASTM D2887 Safety and Best Practices

    Work with the GC system needs to be done in well-ventilated laboratories. Where applied, use flame arrests. Petroleum samples and solvents should be handled using gloves and glasses. Settlement of residues and solvents according to dangerous waste rules.

    ASTM D2887 Importance

    It provides a precise and reproducible method for measuring the distribution of boiling range, which is crucial during fuel production, quality control, and compliance. This enables the practical analysis of petroleum products without the need for labor-intensive distillation, promoting service excellence and adherence to regulations.

    FAQ

    Where can I get the astm d2887 tested?
    You can share your astm d2887 testing requirements with MaTestLab. MaTestLab has a vast network of material testing laboratories, spread across the USA and Canada. We support your all material testing needs ranging from specific astm d2887 test to various testing techniques.
    Please contact us for a detailed quote for your astm d2887 testing needs. Cost incurred to carry out different astm d2887 testing methodology depends on the type of raw material; number of samples, coupons, or specimens; test conditions, turn around time etc. Costs of some ASTM testing methods start from $100 and the final value depends upon the factors listed above. Please contact us for the best and latest prices.
    The required number of samples or specimens should comply with the procedure given in the astm d2887 standard. However, the MaTestLab operations team can assist you for your special requirements once you share your testing details with us.
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